EPISODE: 019 - APPROVED DOCUMENT B - FIRE SAFETY - VOLUME II - PART 2 OF 2
- Piotr Bytnar BEng (Hons) MSc CEng MIStructE
- Nov 5, 2024
- 19 min read
Updated: Jun 19
BYTNAR - TALKS
EPISODE 019 - APPROVED DOCUMENT B - FIRE SAFETY - VOLUME II - PART 2 OF 2
This episode is for people who want to know more about Approved Document Part B – Fire Safety.
You should like this episode if you ask yourself questions like:
What are the fire resistance requirements for load-bearing structural elements in buildings?
How does compartmentation work to prevent internal fire spread in multi-storey buildings?
When are sprinklers required for high-rise buildings according to Approved Document B?
What are the rules for installing cavity barriers to prevent fire spread in concealed spaces?
How should fire-stopping measures be implemented for penetrations in compartment walls?
What are the fire safety requirements for closed-sided car parks, including ventilation systems?
How does external fire spread prevention vary with building height and purpose?
What information must be included in fire safety documentation under Regulation 38?
What are the specific access and facility requirements for fire service operations in large buildings?
This is Bytnar Talks: The Engineer Takes on Construction – Episode 19
Hi, I'm Piotr Bytnar.Each day I help my clients plan and design building projects through Bytnar Limited, a consulting Chartered Structural Engineers practice.
My biggest passion—and the cornerstone on which I’ve built my business—is finding clever solutions for construction projects. I am a Chartered Structural Engineer and a budding software developer, so you can rest assured that I will strive to talk about the best practices and the use of new technologies in the industry.
If you're embarking on a construction project or are involved in planning, designing, and building the world around us, you'll find this podcast useful.
Approved Document B: Fire Safety – Volume Two, Part Two
Hi there, and welcome back to Bytnar Talks, your favorite podcast on all matters of architecture, engineering, and construction.
It is Thursday, the 6th of June 2024, and I’m back with you with the 19th episode and further information on fire safety in buildings other than dwellings.
Today, I will finalize the discussion on Approved Document B: Fire Safety – Volume Two.
Last week, in Episode 18, I introduced you to the requirements of the approved document and the subject of Warning and Escape, as well as Fire Spread through Internal Linings—so the requirements B1 and B2, covering Sections 0 to 6.
In general I told you that Volume Two of Approved Document B offers fire safety guidance for non-dwelling buildings, focusing on life safety over property protection and assuming proper management practices by building owners.
It includes considerations for inclusivity, alternative safety approaches, and special provisions for specific building types like healthcare and historical buildings.
Buildings are categorized into six purpose groups for risk assessment, with stringent measures applied to mixed-use buildings, and complex situations potentially requiring fire safety engineering.
Key requirements include:
Adequate early fire warning systems
Safe escape routes
Reliable fire detection systems
Provisions for horizontal and vertical escape
Special rules for small premises
The document also mandates that internal linings resist flame spread and manage heat release, ensuring adherence to essential fire safety standards.
In this episode, I will cover Requirements B3 to B5 and Regulation 38. So, without further ado, let’s dive into fire safety as treated in the approved document.
Today, I will talk about the guidance on:
Provision of enough fire protection separation
Smoke and heat control
Provision of adequate facilities to enable firefighters to successfully undergo fire and rescue operations in buildings other than dwellings
In this material, we will concentrate on the differences from the guidance seen in Volume One, which focuses on flats.I will not reiterate the previous episode, but instead extend and augment that knowledge in line with the requirements of Volume Two—Requirements B3 to B5.
Let’s dive into it, shall we?
Let’s start with Requirement B3: Internal Fire Spread – Structure.
"The building shall be designed and constructed so that, in the event of fire, its stability will be maintained for a reasonable period."
A wall common to two or more buildings shall be designed and constructed so that it adequately resists the spread of fire between those buildings.For the purpose of this subparagraph, a house in a terrace and a semi-detached house are each to be treated as a separate building.
Where reasonably necessary to inhibit the spread of fire within the building, measures shall be taken to an extent appropriate to the size and intended use of the building—comprising either or both of the following:
(a) Subdivision of the building with fire-resistant construction
(b) Installation of suitable automatic fire suppression systems
And point four states:
"The building shall be designed and constructed so that the unseen spread of fire and smoke within the concealed spaces in its structure and fabric is inhibited."
So, simply put, the amount of consideration due will depend on the Purpose Group classification and the element considered.But in any case, the building structure needs to withstand the event of fire for a prescribed time without losing its stability.
The building should be compartmentalized to restrain the event of fire, including openings.Automatic suppression systems should be introduced where needed, and unseen spaces and cavities should be compartmentalized also to inhibit the spread of concealed fires and smoke.
Section 7 – Loadbearing Elements of Structure
Most of the information on fire resistance is contained within Appendix B, including some special provisions—like the one for single-storey buildings that, by their nature, may not need any fire protection unless they support a compartment structure. In such cases, they need fire protection of the same rating as that of the compartment.
Let’s start with what is considered an element of structure and what is not.
In simple terms, everything that allows the building to stand and carry the envelope, load, and people at a certain height is considered an element of structure. All the rest is not.
Things like roofs, platform floors, lowest floor of the building, stage grids, loading galleries, curtain walls, and so on are not considered elements of structure.
An additional consideration for raised storage areas is mentioned in that section—also in circumstances where a building does not otherwise need protection. For example, a single-storey storage building which, by virtue of a raised area, could become two storeys.
Section 8 – Compartmentation and Sprinklers
Walls and floors separating buildings of different uses should be compartment walls, unless the different uses are ancillary to the main use.
Stairs or service shafts connecting different compartments should be protected to restrict the spread of fire.
In any case of special fire hazard places, these places should be enclosed with a minimum of REI-30 construction.
In general, the lowest floor in the building does not need to be a compartment floor. But for residential institutional buildings (including healthcare buildings) and residential-other buildings. In non-residential settings, the consideration for compartmentalization follows the consideration of:
Floor area, and
Height of the top storey above or below ground level.
Starting with no limits on compartmentation by floors for buildings with floors up to 30 m above ground level and basements up to 10 m below ground level—but naturally, the basement needs to be separated from the structure above by a fire-resistant floor.
Buildings over this limit will need to have compartment floors.
When it comes to horizontal division:
Offices and car parks have no limits to the size of their compartments.
Otherwise, the size varies:
Between 2,000 m² in unsprinklered shops, and
Up to 40,000 m² in sprinklered storage and other non-residential buildings.
Sprinklers are generally required in buildings with a top storey of 18 m or higher.
Regarding compartmentation walls and floors:
These should form a complete barrier and be of appropriate grade.
Masonry compartment walls may be bridged by structural members, but the penetration needs to be as small as possible, fire-stopped, and
The failure of structure on one side of the wall should not lead to failure on the other side.
Special consideration may be needed for services that could be a source of ignition.
Compartment walls between buildings or separating parts of a building need to:
Extend the full height of the building, in one vertical plane.
Other compartment walls need to extend a full storey.
In general, compartment walls at the top storey should be taken through the roof space.
The junction between the compartment elements or the external wall should be integral and fire-stopped.
In cases where the external wall has no fire resistance, it should be attached to the floor to avoid flying off—as if the Phoenix rising from the ashes, spreading the fire in the close vicinity.
Compartment walls need to be able to maintain integrity even if the floor deflects due to fire.
Guidance even gives an assumption for what level of deflection is appropriate—40 mm at the midspan of the floor.
Compartment wall junctions with the roof are treated in the same way as for dwellings,but the relaxation of the substrate classification that traverses the junction to a lower class is only possible in some buildings under 50 m in height.
Allowance for openings in compartment walls (separating buildings or occupancies) is given for the passage of:
Pipes, and
Fire doors.
The fire doors need to be of the same fire resistance as that of the wall, and must provide a means of escape.
In other compartment walls or floors, the provision of appropriate:
Fire doors,
Pipe vents,
Refuse chutes,
Protected shafts, and
Atria
is possible following the guidance.
Protected shafts, made for whatever reason—stairs, lifts, refuse chutes, or otherwise—should be of construction that prevents spread of fire between the compartments it traverses, and must themselves be of appropriate build to resist fire, be properly ventilated too. A glazed screen can be provided between the stair and lobby or corridor, provided the enclosure is not more than REI 60, and the glazing screen is REI 30 and complies with the dimensional restrictions. The corridor or lobby must be a minimum REI 30 enclosure, otherwise the guidance refers us to the appropriate tables in Appendix B.
There are provisions for oil and gas pipes, as well as ventilation ducts in protected shafts, and these need to be either:
Separated from the shaft using a certain material, or
Serving the shaft only.
In addition, if the pipe is conveying flammable gas, the shaft needs to be top and bottom ventilated.
External walls of protected shafts do not usually need to be fire-rated unless otherwise required—by virtue of their use, like in a firefighting shaft or a protected stairway.
Other openings in the protected shaft follow the same considerations as penetrations in compartment walls.
Section 9 – Cavities
The provision of the guidance on cavities follows that of Volume One for flats, but extends slightly with the requirements of openings in cavity barriers provided over and under non-fire-rated partitions.
In residential buildings, these should be kept to a minimum, and any penetration should be smoke-stopped.
Otherwise, no more requirements apply—as would be the case with cavity barriers that extend across compartmentation.
Cavity barriers forming parts of compartmentation have specific rules. However, where compartmentation is not present, many large hidden spaces are possible, and these are regulated by maximum dimensions, depending on the material class of the enclosure surface exposed within the cavity.
For cavities between ceiling and roof, the maximum dimension is 20 m, no matter what the material.
For other cavities:
20 m for materials Class C and better,
10 m for all lower classes.
There are exceptions to this rule, such as:
Fully filled cavities in cavity walls,
Overcladding with material better than Class B-s3, d2, and others.
And that’s it on cavities. All the rest is the same as for flats.
Section 10 – Protection of Openings and Fire-Stopping
Provisions are generally the same as those found in the guidance for dwellings, but the guidance is a bit more strict on:
Materials, and
Size of penetrations of pipes through fire-separating elements.
There is also a specific section that deals with situations where there is a risk of people sleeping. In such cases, appropriate arrangements for the activation of fire and smoke dampers should be in place.
Section 11 – Special Provisions for Car Parks
This is an additional section not found in Volume One, so this document includes extra information under the considerations for car parks, distinguishing between:
Open-sided car parks, and
Closed car parks.
It is considered that we now know the intensity at which cars burn, and that the risk of fire spreading between stories is minimal in well-ventilated spaces.
So, dependent on ventilation and other circumstances:
An open-sided car park is defined as a car park:
With no basements,
Naturally ventilated at each level, meaning:
At least 5% of the floor area is ventilation area to the sides, and
At least 1.25% of the floor area is located on opposite sides (i.e., cross ventilation).
All materials should be A1-rated, except for floors and roofs, and some leeway is provided on small facilities or areas immediately adjacent to the car park—things like fire doorsets and lobbies.
Naturally, the REI rating for the car park structural elements needs to match that required for the supporting compartment, if greater than that required for the car park alone.Otherwise, fire resistance starts at 15 minutes, which may allow some steel structural members to remain without protection.
For closed car parks, the fire resistance needs to be between 30 and 120 minutes for structural elements.If there is at least 2.5% opening to the outside, of which at least 0.625% (i.e., slightly more than half a percent) is at opposite ends, the car park is still considered naturally ventilated.
Otherwise, mechanical ventilation will be required.
Mechanical ventilation systems must:
Be separate from other systems,
Be capable of achieving 10 air changes per hour during a fire,
Be divided into two parts, so that if one fails, the other provides at least 50% capacity,
Be capable of operating off-grid, meaning it has its own power supply,
Include air outlets equally spread at high and low levels.
In addition, the guidance directs us to British standards for the quality of fitting and type of system.
So:
British Standard 1366 – for fire resistance tests for service installations
British Standard 12101 – smoke and heat control systems
NBS 7346 – for components for smoke control systems
And that’s it for Requirement B3.
Moving on to Requirement B4: External Fire Spread
Let’s start with a little bit of the legislation.There are only two paragraphs in this requirement, but an addition of Regulation 7 is also put in place—and that one’s quite long, covering materials and workmanship.
Requirement B4 – Paragraph 1:
“The external walls of the building shall adequately resist the spread of fire over the walls and from one building to another, having regard to the height, use, and position of that building.”
“The roof of the building shall adequately resist the spread of fire over the roof and from one building to another, having regard to the use and position of the building.”
Regulation 7 – Materials and Workmanship
Paragraph 1:Building work shall be carried out with adequate and proper materials which:
(i) are appropriate for the circumstances in which they are used
(ii) are adequately mixed or prepared
(iii) are applied, used, or fixed so as to adequately perform the function for which they are designed—and in a workmanlike manner
Paragraph 1A:Building work shall be carried out so that relevant metal composite material does not become part of an external wall or specified attachment of any building.
Paragraph 2:Subject to paragraph 3, building work shall be carried out so that materials which become part of an external wall or specified attachment of a relevant building are of European classification A2-s1, d0 or A1, classified in accordance with the reaction to fire classification.
Paragraph 3 – Exceptions (i.e., where Paragraph 2 does not apply):
(a) Cavity trays when used between two leaves of masonry
(b) Any part of the roof, other than any part which falls within paragraph 4 of Regulation 2-6, if that part is connected to an external wall (this includes slanted walls up to 70°)
(c) Door frames and doors
(d) Electrical installations
(e) Fibre optic cables
(f) Insulation and waterproofing materials used below ground level or up to 300 mm above ground level
(g) Intumescent and fire-stopping materials where their inclusion is necessary to meet the requirements of Part B of Schedule 1
(h) Membranes
(i) Seals, gaskets, fixings, sealants, and backer rods
(j) Components associated with solar shading devices (excluding components whose primary function is to provide shade or deflect sunlight—e.g., awnings, curtains, or slats)
(k) Thermal break materials where their inclusion is necessary to meet the thermal bridging requirements of Part L of Schedule 1
(l) Window frames and glass
(m) Materials forming the top horizontal floor layer of a balcony, provided they are of European classification A1fl or A2fl-s1, and the entire layer has an imperforate substrate underneath
Paragraph 4 – Definition of a Relevant Building:
A relevant building means a building with: a storey (not including rooftop plant areas or plant rooms) at least 18 m above ground level and which:
(i) contains one or more dwellings,
(ii) contains an institution, or
(iii) contains a room for residential purposes
B “Above ground level” in relation to a storey means:Measured from the lowest ground level adjoining the outside of a building to the top of the floor surface of that storey.
Whew! That was quite a bit, wasn’t it?
So, you see, in the guidance, it is simple, but it has a lot of flavour in terms of exclusions.
If you listened to the episode treating this requirement, you are pretty much covered, as most of the approach is universal, and you are cordially invited to go and listen to Episode 16.
Section 12 – Resisting Fire Spread Over External Walls
There are material use restrictions that relate to external surfaces—starting at A2 or better for:
Relevant buildings, and
Buildings close to the boundary
For other buildings not classified as residential or assembly and recreation, the standard drops to Class C.
An additional consideration is given for the overcladding of: masonry walls, or cavity wall construction with solid inner leaf construction
In terms of build-up, it is required that:
The inner side of the overcladding, or the external leaf (if you like),
Needs to be of non-combustible material when it is of a sandwich-type system
Meaning: The inner side of the panel needs to match the outside in terms of performance. All the remaining aspects follow the guidance you can find in Volume One of the Approved Document. It’s all about the internal surface not catching fire, or not being more susceptible to catching fire than that which is outside.
Section 13 – Resisting Fire Spread from One Building to Another
Again, this is nearly entirely covered in Volume One, but some additional information can be found—like in the case of large uncompartmented buildings, when considering unprotected areas, the areas over 18 m above the mean ground level do not need to be taken into consideration.
Two approaches covered in BS 9999 are offered as alternative methods, but the guidance for atria is the one especially recognized in the document.
Section 14 – Resisting Fire Spread Over Roof Coverings
I like how quickly we go through these points—don’t you?If you recall the previous episodes, it was not that easy—so do go back to revise, as these expectations are the same and applicable here also.
There is nothing new to add to this section that is different from Volume One.So that’s the last point, last section to discharge Requirement B4.
Now off to Requirement B5 – Access and Facilities for the Fire Service
Point 1:
The building shall be designed and constructed so as to provide reasonable facilities to assist firefighters in the protection of life.
Point 2:
Reasonable provision shall be made within the site of the building to enable fire appliances to gain access to the building.
Simple again—and it is, if you think about the reason behind it:Provision of enough access to allow for fire and rescue operations.
Most of the consideration here is your safety at the time of an emergency—it may seem obsolete until it’s not.
A few key points:
There needs to be enough external access to enable fire appliances to be used.
This may vary depending on location, so speak to your local Fire and Rescue Service to find out more.
Enough access to the building is to be provided.
Enough access to internal fire facilities too.
And enough ventilation for heat and smoke to facilitate that access and operation.
And that’s it in principle.Let’s see what the sections have to say.
Section 15 – Vehicle Access
So, what do we need to do to provide enough access for a typical firefighting brigade with all the kit?
It all starts with typical considerations already covered in Volume One of Document B,so I will not reiterate this, but will concentrate on differences.
The basis of all consideration is the reach of typical firefighting appliances in relation to:
The face of the building,
Its size,
Its height, and
Whether fire mains are fitted or not.
Starting with no fire mains:
The requirement starts at 45 m access coverage, but is limited to 15% of the perimeter of the building up to 2,000 m²,
With the highest floor up to 11 m above ground level.
It goes up to 100% of the perimeter for buildings over 24,000 m² and over 11 m in height.
Floors under 11 m can be reached by pumps.
Floors over 11 m require high-reach appliances.
The floor area is the sum of all storeys, not including basements.
Perimeter calculation excludes walls in common with other buildings but includes projections of storeys overhead.
For fire mains:
There is an 80 m distance limit to inlets or outlets:
Either externally (for inlets of dry mains), or
From the entry point to the wet main.
These are also subject to the considerations of Sections 16 and 17.
Access routes and hard standings requirements are bound to the side of the building and have the same considerations as the ones for dwellings.
Additional considerations are given to space adjacent to the hard standing, to allow operation of turntable ladders or hydraulic platforms.
Section 16 – Fire Mains and Hydrants
This section follows the same provisions as in Volume One of the Approved Documents.
Section 17 – Access to Buildings for Firefighting Personnel
This section is a little extended here.It is also covered in Volume One; however, the special provisions for flats do not apply in this context.
Things like:
Firefighting shafts incorporate all elements of the escape route, including:
Lobby
Lift, and
Stairway
These must be encapsulated together with REI 120 construction.
In addition, the guidance recognizes the need for at least two firefighting shafts for buildings under the 18 m floor level height bracket, when the building is of:
Shop and commercial,
Assembly and recreational, or
Industrial purposes group (Purpose Groups 4, 5, and 6)
...and when they have at least one storey at a level higher than 7.5 m over the fire rescue access level The story area remains limited to 900 m².
Section 18 – Venting of Heat and Smoke from Basements
Venting of heat and smoke from basements follows the same considerations as in Volume One,so I would like to refer you back to Episode 17 of this podcast.
However, when there is a basement car park, the ventilation considerations discussed in Section 11 are sufficient.
And that’s it for the regulations and requirements of Part B.
Now, let’s mention Regulation 38 – Fire Safety Information.
Regulation 38 – Fire Safety Information
Point 1:This regulation applies where building work:
(a) consists of or includes the erection or extension of a relevant building, or
(b) is carried out in connection with a relevant change of use of a building, and Part B of Schedule 1 imposes a requirement in relation to the work.
Point 2:The person carrying out the work shall give fire safety information to the responsible person not later than the date of completion of the work or the date of occupation of the building or extension—whichever is earlier.
Point 3:In this regulation, fire safety information means information relating to:
The design and construction of the building or extension, and
The services, fittings, and equipment provided in or in connection with the building or extension,
…which will assist the responsible person to operate and maintain the building or extension with reasonable safety.
(b) A relevant building is a building to which the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies, or will apply after completion of the building work.
(c) A relevant change of use is a material change of use where, after the change of use takes place, the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 will apply—or continue to apply—to the building.
(d) Responsible person has the meaning given in Article 3 of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005.
Section 19 – Fire Safety Information
As with Volume One, the requirement for fire safety information is universal.
Information is essential to allow for the safe operation, maintenance, and assessment of the fire safety systems of a property.It’s about understanding the fire strategy and being able to carry out an effective fire risk assessment.
The amount of information required depends on the complexity and height of the building, but generally concerns essential information for all buildings falling under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005—with enhanced requirements for higher-risk buildings.
So, which buildings fall under this consideration?
Basically: all buildings except individual private dwellings—so an individual house or individual flat is exempt.If there are multiple occupants or users in the building, then fire risk must be identified and managed, responsibility assigned, and everyone informed.
I won’t reiterate the list of aspects to consider—you can listen to it in the last part of the Volume One podcast, or read it in the document.
So this is it, folks!Approved Document B – Volume 2: Fire Safety in Buildings Other Than Dwellings is now under your belt.
This concludes the Approved Document B series.
Let’s Recap This One:
Requirement B3 – Internal Fire Spread: Structure
Mandates that buildings be designed to maintain stability during a fire, resist fire spread between shared walls, and inhibit internal fire spread through compartmentation and suppression systems.
This requirement ensures that buildings withstand fire long enough for safe evacuation and firefighting operations—emphasizing compartmentation, fire suppression systems, and control of fire spread within concealed spaces.
Loadbearing elements of structure must meet fire resistance criteria detailed in Appendix B. Elements essential to structural integrity are paramount. Single-storey buildings generally don’t need fire protection—unless they support a compartment structure. Raised storage areas in single-storey buildings may require additional protection.
Walls and floors separating buildings of different uses must act as compartment walls.Compartmentation generally extends through the full height or at least a full storey.Special fire hazards require REI-30 enclosures.
Fire doors, protected shafts, and fire stopping measures must be integrated. Sprinklers are required in buildings with top storeys over 30 m.
Cavity barriers prevent fire spread through concealed spaces, with rules for large hidden spaces.
Protection of openings and fire stopping covers penetrations through compartment walls—with strict material and installation guidance.
Car parks are either:
Open-sided, requiring natural ventilation, or
Closed-sided, needing enhanced fire resistance and mechanical ventilation.
Installations must adhere to standards like:
BS 1366,
BS 12101,
BS 7346
External walls and roofs must resist fire spread, based on building height, use, and position.Regulation 7 mandates the use of appropriate materials and workmanship, ensuring external walls and attachments comply with fire classifications—except for certain exemptions.
Buildings must be provided with adequate access for:
Fire appliances,
Firefighting personnel, and
Internal fire facilities,
…including ventilation for heat and smoke.
Vehicle access, fire mains, and hydrants must be provided according to specific standards—especially for:
Buildings without fire mains, or
With extensive perimeters.
Regulation 38 requires that fire safety information be given to the responsible person upon:
Completion or
Occupation of the building.
This includes design and construction details, and all information necessary for safe operation and maintenance—especially for buildings covered by the Fire Safety Order 2005, which, in the case of buildings other than dwellings, means basically all of them.
In the next episode, we will move to Approved Document C: Site Preparation and Resistance to Contaminants and Moisture.
I hope you enjoyed this episode and that the consideration of Approved Document B – Fire Safety, Volume 2 requirements is now clearer and more comprehensible for you.
You see, if you know a lot about dwellings and flats, you pretty much know all the rest.
If you have any questions, reach out to me on LinkedIn or send me an email—I’m more than happy to help you out.
At Bytnar, we deal with planning, designing, and managing your projects, and we’re always glad to offer a free initial consultation to steer you in the right direction.
Visit www.bytnar.co.uk and reach out to us—whether your question is:
“Can you help me with my project?”or“What should I do?”
We’ll be able to give you a non-obligatory piece of advice.
At Bytnar, we help our clients design and execute their dream homes or investments.And if your building is falling apart, we can investigate the cause and provide an appropriate strategy, design, and specifications for the repair.
Thank you again for listening!Please voice your opinions—I’m waiting for you on LinkedIn, and I want to hear from you.
See you next week, and remember:
Bytnar Designs the World Around You.
Toodloo! 👋
Piotr Bytnar BEng (Hons) MSc CEng MIStructE
Chartered Structural Engineer who deals with the Architecture of buildings. His Master's Studies led him to an in-depth understanding of risk and contract arrangements in construction as well as specialist knowledge in soil mechanics.
He and his team help homeowners and property developers to design and deliver construction projects reducing waste in time and the cost. He believes that the construction project is an iterative process that can be well managed and it is best managed if all the aspects of the project definition and management are dealt with in-house or coordinated by one organisation. His team works to all stages of RIBA and ISTRUCTE stages of work and enables contractors to deliver projects on-site providing risk evaluations, methodologies for execution of works and temporary works designs.
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