BYTNAR - TALKS
EPISODE 028 - APPROVED DOCUMENT L - CONSERVATION OF FUEL AND POWER - VOLUME 2 - BUILDING OTHER THAN DWELLINGS
This episode is for people who want to know more about Approved Document Part L – Conservation of Fuel and Power – Volume 2 – Buildings Other Than Dwellings.
You should like this episode if you ask yourself questions like:
What are the requirements for calculating target primary energy and emission rates for non-domestic buildings under Approved Document L?
How do I ensure accurate as-built energy performance calculations for a building with multiple fuel sources?
What is the mandatory assessment process for high-efficiency alternative systems, and what should the feasibility report include?
What are the U-value limits and airtightness standards for fabric performance to minimize heat gains and losses in commercial buildings?
What are the efficiency standards for building services, and how should systems be sized and controlled for energy conservation?
What energy efficiency guidelines apply to heating, ventilation, and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems in large non-residential buildings?
How are air permeability tests conducted for non-domestic buildings, and what standards and exemptions apply?
What is the purpose of a Building Log Book for energy-efficient operations, and what must be included for buildings over 1000m²?
What are the requirements for consequential improvements in energy performance when extending or renovating large non-domestic buildings?
This is Bytnar Talks the Engineer Takes on Construction Episode 28 hi I'm Piotr Bytnar each day I help my clients plan and design building projects through Bytnar limited a Consulting Chartered Structural Engineers practice my biggest passion and the cornerstone on which I've built my business is finding clever solutions for construction projects I am a chartered structural engineer and a budding software developer so you can rest assured that I will strive to talk about the best practices and the use of new technologies in the industry and if you're embarking on a construction project or are involved in planning designing and building the world around us you'll find this podcast useful approve document L conservation of Fuel and power Volume 2 buildings other than dwellings hi and welcome to Bitner talks your favorite podcast on all matters of architecture engineering and construction it is Thursday the 5th of September 2024 so yet another fortnite release of the episode but I'm here back with you with the 28th episode and information on approved documental conservation of fuel and power volume two buildings older than dwellings the last episode was the longest of them all so far so I'll try to keep this one a bit Slimmer it has been another busy week and the weather out there is sort of going to the worst seems like the British Summer started to shift toward September which was nice last year but it doesn't seem to be this year as however before I go to covering the material of this episode let's have a look at what was covered last week in the last episode I talked about the first volume of the approved document L conservation of fuel and power dealing with dwellings these are contained within 2L requirements and 19 additional regulations covered in 12 sections of the document section one describes the process for calculating the total energy performance of new dwellings using the standard assessment procedure SAP with key metrics including Target primary energy rate emission rate and fabric Energy Efficiency rate for buildings with multiple dwellings these targets may be averaged based on floor area section two deals with the calculation of actual energy performance metrics which must be compared to the Target values described in section one as designed and then after construction these calculations are documented in the B report and submitted to building control with considerations for fabric efficiency and low carbon Technologies section three requires a feasibility analysis of high efficiency alternative systems such as renewable energy and heat pumps before construction begins this analysis must be documented and as available for inspection regardless of whether the systems are implemented or not section four specifies limitations on heat gains and losses it emphasizes u values and continuous insulation to prevent thermal bridging at the joints of thermal element planes it sets minimum u values for new and existing dwellings with strict standards for renovations ensuring air tightness and proper insulation section five mandates that new and replace Building Services meet minimum efficiency standards and be correctly sized we a focus on low temperature heating systems and appropriate controls existing buildings must also adhere to standards to prevent energy waste section six outlines performance standards for heating cooling ventilation and energy generation systems requiring high efficiency appropriate controls and proper sizing ASA it also covers District heating underflow Heating and on-site electricity generation to ensure overall Energy Efficiency of the building section seven mandates pressure testing for new dwellings to ensure compliance with air leakage regulations certified professionals must conduct this test with results submitted to building control and energy metrics recalculated based on the outcomes Section 8 requires the commissioning of fixed Building Services and on-site electricity generation systems with a detailed commissioning plan submitted to building control compliance must be confirmed up to 30 days when we talk about the person who's registered as approved person scheme or five days if we we deal with build on notice or or with the full plans approval we need to ensure the systems operate properly and meet standards right section n requires that building owners receive clear detailed information on the operation and maintenance of fixed services and on-site electricity generation systems upon completion new buildings also need a b report and energy performance certificate with updates for significant changes in existing buildings section 10 mandates that new or replace thermal elements in existing dwellings meet specified performance standards particularly for major Renovations or Replacements extension and integrated conservatories must also ad to this criteria ensuring Energy Efficiency is maintained section 11 stipulates that buildings undergoing a material change of views renovation or energy status change must comply with relevant Energy Efficiency and therm performance standards major Renovations must meet updated criteria with sap procedures used for assessing energy use in multiple dwellings section 12 requires that work on existing buildings over 1,000 M squared involving extensions implementations of new services or increased service capacity comply with part L requirements provided it is feasible renewable energy installations are exempt with further guidance in volume two of the approved document in this episode I will move to approve document L conservation of fuel and power Volume 2 buildings other than dwellings so without further Ado let's dive straight into [Music] this in this episode I'll talk about the stat guidance contained within the approved document L conservation of fuel and power part two or actually volume two buildings other than dwellings the requirements L are short and sweet and only two but that is fairly expanded by 17 different additional regulations including regulation six some regulations from part six of the building regulation as well as part eight and part nine these are basically the same requirements as with dwellings with slight differences there are no regulations 26a and 26 27A included so aspects concerned solely on dwellings are excluded the episode will follow the structure of the approved document from section 0 to section 12 and all the additional regulations along the way as laid down in the document but I will not return back to reading you the text of the legislation as this has already been done in the previous episode I strongly recommend you listen to that episode as the philosophy and layout of the approach is very similar and I trust it will help you to consolidate your knowledge about these requirements so let's get into the Integrity of this approved document all right guys let's us start with Section zero then which simply introduces us to the documents stated what is included within it and his application it overlaps heavily with volume one but we will find differences like information on different Provisions for the shell and core first feed commercial buildings and then afterwards considering second feed as work on the existing building modular builds will be treated as a new building and if this technology is used for the extension work the building may need an upgrade also in general work on new buildings is covered in Section 1 to9 on existing buildings section 4 to 6 and 10 to 12 some buildings are exempt like places of Warship temporarily buildings used for less than two years low energy demand buildings industrial sites workshops non-residential agricultural buildings Standalone buildings of up to 50 m Square useful floor area AKA gross floor area carports covered yards covered way some conservatories and porches are also exempt and the same rules apply as in the previous volume of this document similar Provisions as Pro previously are given to open extensions of buildings at the ground level and an area of less than 30 m squared as well as the live work units and the mixed use units some exemptions are also given to historic buildings monuments listed buildings and building buildings in conservation areas upgrade of this building should apply within the reasonable intervation criteria so we need to be judged on the particular merits the guidance contained within this document needs to be approached holistically with other aspects of the building regulations things like ventilation transfer of moisture condensation noise transfer air tightness and so on moving to section one which covers calculations of Target price primary energy rate and Target emission rate these two energy rates apply to a so-called notional building that is of the size and volume of the proposed building but using standardized Fabric and services specifications we can found the full properties in the National calculation methodology modeling guide available at www.uk nm.org ukuk the target primary energy rate is stated in kilowatt hours per met Square per year and the target emission rate is measured in kilog of CO2 per M Square per year the calculation should be made using the simplified building energy model so-called sbm spem or another approved software in line with the current policy version the software tools like list can be found on the department of leveling up housing and communities DLC and a version of the policy approv methodology or which one to use can be found in the National calculation methodology modeling guide now these rates will be compared with the outcome of the as designed and as built calculations as did have a as was the case with with dwellings nothing really change here we set the targets we design for them and then check if if what we've built Ms it so simple as section two deals with the calculation of the building's primary energy rate and building emission rate that gets to be put against the target values as previously we should use the same tools for the calculation rates and do it as designed and as buil whereas as build calculations should take in consideration what was actually put together on site and taking into account the measured a a permeability of the building both top Target design and asuu rates together with the specification need to be communicated to building control and this will usually follow the output of the approved software that uses BR UK L report standards that is building regulation UK UK parl report now taking in consideration the source of fuel the calculations for primary Energy may become slightly more complicated when the systems can be fired by two fuels like biomass and gas or biomas and fossil fuel or else in the first case we need to do a weighted average of CO2 emission based on the use ratio in the second similarly unless if the appliance is in the Smoke control area then the anthra side figure needs to be used for other combinations the higher CO2 use case should be used using District or Community heat networks will require us to establish primary energy factors and CO2 emission factors suitable to that Network National calculation methodology guide information will be helpful in this regard the calculation should should take in account the entire system the annual average performance heat recovery all plants losses combined heat and power or heat dumping the calculation should consider the first 12 months of operation as a baseline for future increases or decreases in the system capacity combined heat and Power or Tre generation scheme should use factors from the national calculation methodology guide table 32 in the case of three Generation The energy used should be attributed to the use in line with the total output meaning that is what is used to supply you with heat or its removal in District networks the calculation should follow the energy source that will be used till the end of 20127 so that any changes in future can be accounted for and when the change comes it needs to be operationally and legally sound meaning have planning permission when needed and contracted and the building control will need to see the proof of it all that needs to be accompanied by a report by a suitably qualified person showing how the factors were arrived at the document provides an equation for the calculations of the primary energy factor which is basically the efficiency of the system minus the energy generated by the system divided by the useful hit in kilowatt hours similarly with CO2 emission Factor but with the CO2 emission in the equations instead of the efficiency we can reduce the design rates for energy and Emissions if we intend to use enhanced management and control features for the heating system it simply follows the increased efficiency of the system when it is well controlled as we do not waste heat when it is not needed or make the operation of the system better by controlling output in line with the actual requirement we make the system more efficient the adjustment factors for such are either 1% for achieving the power factor of between 90 and 95 or 2 and a half% when exceeding 0.95 and 5% with a total control system the document lets us know that only following the minimum fabric element standards will not suffice to meet the primary energy Target rate or the target emission rate and that the approach will need to be combined with efficient Building Services and low and zero carbon Technologies special considerations for the calculations of rates should be given to modular and portable buildings with a service life of over two years swimming pools shell and core developments industrial sites workshop and non-residential agricultural buildings and buildings with low energy demand so let's start with the modular Portable Buildings the ones that are in operation for more than 2 years that's this building regulations consider placing of a module on a new side as the construction of a new building and distinguishing between modules placed on one side and those that jump from the side to side the stationary ones should comply with the Energy Efficiency require requirements but should the elements well at least 70% of the elements be manufactured at some dates prior to the impl implementation of this consideration the factors can be extended by up to 68% for elements manufactured before the 6th of April 2006 when it comes to the Portable Buildings or modules that jump sides this need to abide by the Energy Efficiency requirements also the calculations should be made once the building is constructed for the first time for allocations where buildings then stay on site for less than two years that initial calculation will suffice but the the target emission rate should be taken in consideration the use of electric resistance Heating in considering National Building specification similar 70% of the shell used in the construction expectations are also applicable here but the extension of factor can be as high as 103% for elements manufactured before the 6th of April 2006 now swimming pool basins are treated similar to dwellings and we need to consider the fabric of the pool enclosure for the area of the pool in our calculations shell and core developments on the other hand should prove that they will meet the target once the building is fitted out the design stage rates apply here the design should specify what systems are being installed or ought to be installed at the time of a fit out at the time of completion we should assume to what extent the space will be conditioned and that assumption needs to be carried out the incoming occupier will need to then abide by this to demonstrate compliance whether that with the heat management or lighting a new energy certificate will be required for the fit out work areas building log book should be completed with the first fit out work information when we assess industrial sites the national calculation methodology modeling Guide May Fail to recognize the feasibility of the project in which case we may need to resort to in- depth evaluation now building with low energy demands are considered if they need to be heated but not to the level of typical buildings or in their entirety rates need calculations but to different standards which can be found in the ncmm guide in such buildings each service need to meet Energy Efficiency standards be appropriately insulated but the opaque building fabric cannot be worse than 0.7 W per Square Kelvin partitioned of or zon heated normally should meet normal standards when such building changes used to a building of normal energy demand such building may need Improvement similarly when the shell and core building of low energy use is fitted out to be of normal energy use a normal standards will apply section three is similar to dwellings it's again considers high efficiency alternative systems for our buildings well we should assess the technical environmental and economic feasibility of such systems and make it into a report available to view by building control short and site in section four which deals with the fabric performance regarding heat gains and losses bre report 443 is used for the assessment of elements and in the case of Windows that consist of the glazing and frame all together treated as a controlled fitting when it comes to Windows the document gives us options for it we either go about it in the in detail or treat the window as standard and take size limits on board for Windows in similar settings to dwellings the limits are 1 23 M width plusus 25% and 1.48 M height plus- 25% we then either treat treat it as a particular window configuration or use a standard configurations which relates to framing the standard window configuration will not apply to commercial windows or Al alternatively we can approach the matter using HotBox method to BN ISO 12567 when we deal with doors we follow similar conditions but the sizes are ever so different and we deal with doors under 3.6 M square and over 3.6 M square with standard sizes being 1.23 M by 2.18 or 2 m by 2.18 height and again plusus 25% variation on each Dimension HotBox method or using the actual size and configuration is fine also mind there will be different limits depending on the plane of the element elements Place horizontally need to carry a better U value with them generally all new elements including that of the extensions or replacement in existing buildings need to follow the set limits if we are dealing with elements that we cannot change we may need to add secondary elements to make it better and the central pain of the component should not be worse than 1.2 wat per M Square Kelvin some of the U value limits are as follows roofs if flat are 0.18 and 0.16 otherwise walls 0.26 and floor 0.18 swimming pool basing basins 0.25 and some more all for the air permeability of less than 8 m cubed per hour per M Square renovated elements will have slightly different limits and the condition of the repair will also govern if we need to upgrade the thermal element or not similarly with elements that are formul and exposure of adapted or converted spaces the change also depends on factors of reasonability like a 15-year payback time and Technical or functional feasibility generally speaking elements should not lose more than 0.7 wat of energy per met square of 1 kelv degree difference but less when considering elements in horizontal planes the limiting factors for such improvements are the threshold and Improvement u values threshold uh 035 for roofs and 0.7 for all the rest improving to 0.16 for ceiling level roof insulation and otherwise 0.18 floor to 0.25 and walls either 055 for cavity insulation and 0.3 for external or internal insulation it is important to maintain the continuity of the insulation and avoid Brakes in it throughout avoid thermal bridging or to avoid a movement through the insulation layer thermal bridging can be established detailed by detail using BR 497 methodology or using typical values from brain information paper 1/06 increased by 0.04 wat per meter Kelvin or by 50% whichever is greater in any case the performance of that detail should exceed the minimum set in the information paper building control should be satisfied if all this is done by the competent person it is demonstrated that the detail can be achieved on site and the robust methodology of checking if it actually has been implemented correctly on site is in place when we renovate or replace thermal elements we need to make sure a suitable sign report is made to account for the change confirming the suitable design details and building techniques have been specified and that the elements provide adequate protection from the surface condensation as identified by by BR publication 497 and information paper 1/6 we are reminded by the document to mind the air tightness of the building and to maintain good seal with newly installed or replaced elements we should also mind the thermal gain and new buildings are covered in the approved document o about which an episode is coming but otherwise let's try keep it to a reasonable level to let that airon unit a chance the consideration is for the usable space in which we generally operate and which is air conditioned in such cases the solo gain as treated from April to September should be considered and should not be greater than the relevant reference system with the solo energy transmittance so called G values as calculated to BN for10 the limit values are as follows 048 for side lead spaces at East face f sides and top lead up to 6 M height roof location and 0.42 for roof location and Zone height over 6 M the glazing area taken in consideration is a full width up to 1 M height and for roof up to 10% of the roof area Building Services may also add considerable heat gain and losses hot water pipes should be always insulated unless we need that heat in the room insulation should follow B s 54 to2 standard which for low heat pipes in hot water space heating systems means between 15 to 55 mm of thickness between the pipes of 10 to 100 mm diameter for coating of thermal cond conductivity between 0.025 to 0.04 wats per met Kelvin and slightly less for hot water services temperature limits are 95° C and less for Heating and 60° CRA for the hot water cooling pipes should be also insulated unless the cooling load related to distribution pipes is less than 1% meaning there will be minimal losses at such piping the installation should follow BS 5422 heat gain limits and the H vac guidance of the manufacturer to mitigate condensation heating or cooling air duct work should also be insulated with insulation thickness according to calculations made to BN iso1 12241 the document States certain specifications for ducts using certain assumptions like the size of the vertical sidewall and the nature of surrounding air and its temperature and thermal conductivity limit of insulated material we are told to use 21 mm insulation for heat ducting and 36 mm for cooling and Dual Purpose ducting hot water storage vessels Heat loss should be limited to approved levels and energy consumption control to b89 according to the document the rate should be within 2.1 to 5.2 kwatt hours per 24 hours for storage vessels between 22,000 L now Services should be efficient and that is covered in section five that deals with minimum Building Services efficiencies and controls the efficiency claimed should be tested to the appropriate test and certified by a notified body replacement fixed Building Services should be at least as good as the existing but no worse than the value given in section six if the replacement service uses different fuel we need to think about its CO2 emissions and primary energy demand in both cases the levels should be not worse than that of the existing system replacement of renewable technology should be like for like in terms of output every new heating Appliance should be controlled in the a matter of timing of operation temperature and when possible have a weather compensation installed we should also consider possible connection to the district heat Network system in future sizing new and replacement space heating systems should follow appropriate heat loss calculations for the building which should be based on bn1 12831 hyphen 1 standard and cibs guide B1 making sure the systems are not significantly over oversized wet heating system when it is newly installed or fully replaced including pip work appliances and emitor should be sides to 55° C or less flow temperature or to as low temperature flow as is practical for a given heat source for the building naturally control of the system is important and Zoning of the heating system and its control can fine tune the operation zones should be considered by a solar exposure pattern of use and type of use and significantly different areas should be made into zones control of timing and temperature should be dependent for each Zone Heating and Cooling of the given Zone at the same time should be prevented by the system design and the heating should have weather compensation whenever possible the system should switch itself off whenever not needed the system for heating and provision of domestic hot water should be cleaned and flashed out heating system should be treated to inhibit scale inhibit scale and corrosion the scaling of the feet water may also be necessary to prolong the service life of the system all rooms where we need or indeed can control the temperature should be provided with thermostatic Control building of low heat demand under 10 W per met square and buffer zones in buildings with high thermal M may not need to be controlled in this way in cases where it is better to control zones rather than rooms do so it's considered for Open Spaces the zones are considered for Open Spaces or adjacent rooms of similar rooms heat recovery from exhaust air may be also controlled if technically and economically feasible the control of the room or Zone thermal condition will be either by a thermostat in the room and control of each emitor phatic control of the room or zone or individual Network heating or cooling Emer control for each emiter submers should be installed in new buildings with New Heating system installations or the extensions the submitter should inform us on the use of the particular fuel with 90% accuracy for the purpose CI cibs tm39 gives recommendations on how to achieve it the information provided by the meter should be good enough to inform on our use and performance in contrast with the design stage energy forast it should allow to separate tenants and account for Renewables if the building is over th000 M Square the whole meter reading and data collection should be automatic Now we move to section six which gives us specific guidance on the efficiency of systems we are straight up informed about the ecodesign for energy related products regulations 2010 and its requirements and that we should also pay attention to it as we do to this legislation the equipment specified for the given building and its use should be selected to optimize its use in the given circumstance and that's the G of the whole thing now we go system by system by its type starting with boilers these are considered as part of a wet central heating system fired by commercial boilers using natural gas LPG oil or biomass that is that is it now the efficiency requirements will be slightly different depending if the system is installed in a new building or the old one for new building single boiler up to 2 megawatt output should be 93% efficient and the same is for multiple boilers if the boiler output exceeds 2 megawatts the efficiency can drop to 88% as can for a single boiler in multiple boiler scenario the efficiency is considered seasonal and take gross calorific value using natural gas systems in existing buildings can be slightly less efficient when it comes to natural gas use in fact as low as they can be as low as 84% for single boiler over 2 megawatt output and 91% for small boilers and multiple boilers other fuel type efficiency should beat the standard set for the new buildings we are also informed that whenever possible we should think about fixing non-condensing boilers with a flu condensing kit that is whenever possible the way we arrive the seasonal efficiency for single boilers and multiple boilers systems with identical boilers is by given equation that divides the use of boiler into its gross efficiency working at 30% load and 100% load and sub sum both of them in proportion of 81% to 19% this equation applies to single boiler and multiple boiler systems supplying low temperature hot water of output up to 400 400 kilow boilers of the same efficiency for boilers over 400 KW we should use manufacturers declared efficiencies the calculations for more varied systems is a bit more involved but relatively as simple as as the previous example the stuff that I just mentioned about the combined efficiency at different levels of load and if the boilers vary with their output and efficiency we should wait their involvement by P percentage of their output in the operation of the building boilers control on on boilers over 100 kilow output should have Optimum start and stop control with either night setback or Frost protection outside occupied periods and either a stage high low firing facility in the boiler or multiple boilers with sequential control to provide parlo performance when the gas fired and multi-stage all fired boilers exceed 500 KW output this should have fully modulating burner controls for biomass boilers tested to bsn1 12809 the efficiency should be no lower than 65% for Gravity fed system and under 2 20.5 Kow output and 75% for automatic pallet or wood chip system gas and all fired warm air heaters depending on how they deliver Heats they should be of at least 91% efficiency they're regulated by the following standards BN 621 non-domestic gas fir forc convention air hitters for space heating not exceeding a net heat input of 300 KW without a a fund to assist transportation of combustion air and all combustion products b1020 no domestic Force convection gas fired air hitters for space hitting not exceeding a net heat input of 300 Kow incorporating a fund to assist transportation of combustion a or combustion products which is now withdrawn BN 525 non-domestic direct gas fired force convection air Heats for space heating non exceeding a net heat input of 300 Kow and BN 13842 oil fired force conviction air Heats stationary and transportable for space heating woof that was that was quite quite a series of of Kalashnikov standards one by one in automatic round now gas and oil fired radiant hitters if flu they should be tested to BN 1020 or BN 13842 the efficiency is a concern regarding the net calorific value and should exclude funds and take account of the radiant heater and pipe within the building envelope the efficiencies depending on the appliance type will be somewhere in between 86 and 91% for thermal and over 55% for radiant heat generation electric space heating systems these are considered to be 100% efficient for boiler systems should have flow temperature control and be capable of modulating the power input to the primary water depending on Space heating conditions timing and temperature demand control and heating controls split into zones for buildings over 150 M Square for electric warm air heating we need to think timing and temperature demand control as well as zoning radiant heers should have automatic zone or occupancy presence detection panel heaters should have timing and temperature Demand controls storage heaters should be also controlled by required input in line with the internal uh temperature but with manual overdrive combined heat and power so-called CH HPS of capacity between 5 kilow and 5 megawatt used in commercial applications are covered here smaller installation should follow volume one recommendations for dwellings such C chps under annual operation should have a minimum CHP QA quality index of 105 and power efficiency greater than 20% the plant should be metered measure electricity generated and the fuel supply to the CHP and control to ensure it operates as the lead heat generator dedicated domestic hot water heaters these efficiency standards are applied to heat generator and any integral storage vessels but not secondary pipe workk fans pumps diverter vales solenoids actuators or supplementary storage vessels the system should be sized and appropriate and based on bn1 128 31.3 the standards are generally over 91% but over 92 for LPG fuel type either combustion heated or electric electrically heated domestic hot water system should be controlled time temperature flow control emergency shut off are just some of these controls now Comfort cooling these recommendations do not apply to evapor evaporative and desicant cooling systems each cooling unit should meet their seasonal energy effect efficiency ratio ratio s eer which will depend on the type of the unit and its power the cooling system specification should be based on heat gain calculation to cibs guide a and not be significantly oversized meaning not bigger than 120% of the designed cooling load as with all systems cooling should also be controlled and divided depending on the needs of the particular space control of the cooling system should meet BN 15232 b c we are provided with the formula for the calculation of SE depending on the load condition and its efficiency ratio at the level of use at 25 50 75 and 100% load conditions C Seer should be determined using BN 14825 there are different variations for chillers depending on known or unknown parameters move multiple chillers in a plant systems with free cooling or heat recovery variable Refrigeration flow absorption chillers using chps or distr cooling schemes heating and cooling systems circulators and water pumps on variable volume systems variable glandless circulators should be used in case of a close loop if the water pump motor is rated more than 750 wats it should be controlled by a variable speed controller on variable volume systems heat pumps airto a heat pumps up to 12 KW output should have either the seasonal coefficient of performance sop rating for a median temperature range of at least D to BN 14825 otherwise coefficient of performance cop of not less than 2.5 for space heating two for hot water heating 0.5 for absorption type heat pumps and one for gas engine any outdoor fund should be controlled and all the heat sources should be incorporated into a single control mechanisms mechanical ventilation there is many factors to take in consideration here the bottom line is that we need to satisfy needs of the building and its occupation but do it in a reasonable and controllable way and not to use energy when not needed the there are several standards referred to here and these are b a s dw-1 144 publication specification for Sheet Metal duct work BN 1507 ventilation for building metal air ducts with rectangular section requirements for strength and leakage bn1 12237 ventilation for buildings duct work strength and leakage of circular metal ducts bn34 03 ventilation for buildings non-metallic ducts duct work made from installation duct boards bn1 1886 ventilation for buildings air handling units mechanical performance BN 16798 hyphen 3 energy performance of buildings ventilation for buildings for non-residential buildings performance requirements for ventilation and room conditioning systems modules M5 hyen 1 M5 hyen 4 bs8 850 fun call unit performance determination of specific fun power test method to establish limits on the specific fan power for a given scenario so-called SPF in wats per lit second we need to relate to the table provided in the document where we will where we will find different values for new and existing buildings the SFP value at 25% of the design flow rate should not be higher than that at 100 100% funds that are rated over 1100 wats should be fitted with variable speed drivers duct work needs to be reasonably airtight as should air handling units which would compant with class L2 to BN 1886 and so on heat recovery should be used whenever possible when it comes to lightning in the gist it needs to be enough for the space and activity design should be based on the cibc's SL handbook or similar design guide General lightning should be at efficiency of 95 Lum per sec watt or observe Lenny method that's lighting energy numeric indicator if it is display lightning it's 80 lumens or up to 0.3 wat per M Square power use or use Lenny method for high exitation Purity light sources we go down to 65 light source lumens the lightning energy used usage should be metered by either separating it into material circuits meter coupled into the lightning System Controller or through lightning management system we are directed to bread digest 498 for more information or on Lightning control we are told to control lightning whenever possible including switching off when space is not occupied or well lit during the day and that the display lightning should be separated on a separate circuit building Automation and control systems these need to be installed when buildings heating or air conditioning effective rated output is over 190 Kow it is prudent to have the smaller installation controls too but at least provide the minimum manual switch to switch the appliance off when not needed the effective rated output basically includes all parts that use energy to condition the space but does not include heating for emergencies for frost protection for domestic water or for industrial processes we shall account for the Heat netw deliver and capacity of the appliances when appropriate and should account for the final stage of the building use building Automation and control system specification should compliant with BN ISO 16484 and it should continuously monitor log analyze and allow for adjustment of energy use the monitoring of Energy Efficiency should be automatically capable of detecting losses benchmarking performance and informing the res responsible person about opportunities for improvement it should be capable of bringing all Building Systems together under one control no matter the type manufacturer or model of the system or Appliance we are told that the class A control system to BN 15232 meets the requirements but as however this should be appropriate to the building expected usage and service specification onside electricity generation and storage on the other hand in such system should be such systems should be appropriately sized for the need and when replaced should not be smaller than than what's needed the system should be fully automatically controlled District heat networks and Community Heating in such case the heat Source should comply with minimum standards and should not have greater emission than 0.35 kg of CO2 per kilowatt for the heat delivered to a new building and checked against the building emission rate moving on to section seven which deals with permeability and pressure testing so the minimum standard for a permeability is 8 m Cub per hour per met square at 50 pascals and we need to prove our building is sealed enough to achieve or exceed this target we need to prove the building control that the test was done properly using well calibrated machinery and by appropriate personnel this means the manufacturer or ukas accredited calibration usually every 12 months but at least every 24 and in accordance with CIB bsc's tm23 the person doing the testing also needs to be trained and registered to test the specific class of building certain buildings do not need testing taken conditions are met like building under 500 M Square total useful floor area if air permeability used to calculate building primary energy rate and building emission rate is taken as 50 m Cub per hour per met Square the building is factory made modular Construction under 500 M square is to be used for more than 2 years in general and modules are linked using standard details the base data for this particular unit should have been established in C2 previously so you can do it but with caveats for large extension if it is not particular to seal it of from the main building we may need to treat it as a complex building in the case of complex buildings where testing may not be practical we need to just ify how that is and how we to achieve a continuous air barrier in our building the justification strategy for the air barrier May suffice for building control purposes tm23 publication is the point of guidance and we should not try to push the claimed air permeability to values lower than 5 m Cub per hour per met square at 50 pascals for compartmented buildings it may be sufficient to test a representative area only the building em rate and primary energy rate need to hit the Target and they need to be rechecked following the testing to ensure such is the case if the building fails the test we the test we need to improve it and the record of all tests need to go to building control the procedure for testing is approved and contained within cibc's tm23 publication Section 8 deals with commissioning so we are told that fixed building service Services need commissioning to make sure they are fit for purpose meaning Fuel and power is not wasted energy generation is reasonable for the circumstances it means testing and adjusting to meet the needs for large and complex projects a commissioning manager should be appointed and his skill set and knowledge should Feit the cibc's commissioning code M requirements we are told that if we install system that is subject to Energy Efficiency requirements a commissioning plan needs to be made that will address the following the system to test tests to complete schedule of commissioning roles and responsibilities and documentation requirements the building control will need to receive the commission plan the Target and the building energy and emission rate and will keep an eye on the commissioning as the build progresses commissioning should follow cibc's commissioning codem either or a combination of specific c i BC commissioning codes or bsri a commissioning guides that relate to a particular service and the procedure of leakage testing of duct work notice of completion needs to be given to building control and the owner confirming that the commissioning plan was followed that all systems have been inspected in appropriate sequence to a reasonable standard and to confirm it is as intended but comment on any shortcomings where they do not perform home as well as they should the period for the notification is 5 days after completion but can be up to 30 days for the person commissioning the work being registered in the competent person scheme now about the a leakage testing of duct work if the system is served by fans with the design flow rate over 1 M cubed per second the leakage test should be carried out to building and Engineering Services Association beesa document dw1 143 and dw1 142 if we test randomly at least 10% of low pressure ductwork to DW 143 we can calculate an improvement on building rates in line with the national calculation methodology modeling guide the document recognizes Bessa specialist duct work group oadc a s atcas the association of duct work contractors and all light services as competent organization so the so their members will be considered such too the leakage limits are given and If the duct work fails fails them we will need to improve it and test some more the limits are different depending on the class of the ductor from low to high pressure classes a to d a limit of maximum positive and negative pressure and maximum air velocity and it's given in liters per second M squared section nine tells us what information we need to provide we talk here about building log book which should follow cibs tm31 publication and it is where the operating and maintenance instruction should find their home in the owner's hands it can relate to maintenance manuals or the health and safety file we are directed to seek further information in BSR a a BSR r i BG 26211 publication Tong breaker the information provided should allow for the energy efficient operation of the building so information about the building fixed Building Services and onside electricity generation and the maintenance requirements of the fixed bilding services and onside electricity generation as well as the copy of complete commissioning records large buildings meaning over time M squ will need a detailed assessment or forecast if you like of their energy use per fuel determined by using a combination of design calculations energy benchmarks and energy forecasting methodology such as CIB bsse tm54 or other building modeling or spreadsheet tools sbem output is considered not compliant with forecasting estimates the log book should also contain the Target and building energy and emission rates and the information for the building Automation and control system when installed for work on existing buildings the existing or new logbook should also contain the following information on the thermal elements but existing controlled fitting but existing and any newly installed energy meters the efficiency of new Services over the entire system should be assessed and recorded for new system we will need to quantify the change by either assessment to generate the energy performance certificate ecodesign labeling and documentation as appropriate a documented assessment of a reasonable representation of the complete system by the manufacturer or by other equivalent assessment method used by qualified person technical information should be given to the owner when changing elements of the system like boiler or emitter the information following the fit out should be also provided in the logbook as should work that extends the capacity of the system by more than 25% of fundamentally Alters its parameters section 10 treats on new elements in existing buildings including extensions in the G the new elements should be up to current expectations unless the new elements do not form a part of the thermal envelope of the building and do not rely on the building seating system we are directed to section four paragraph 4.5 4.6 and table 4.1 for limits of fabric performance the proof proof of the window energy rating may be from a certification scheme that follows calculation and quality assurance enlargements of opening should be also within limits to avoid the requirement of General Improvement to compensate for that opening the limits are either 20% of the area of the roof for roof lights 30% for exposed walls in residential buildings 40% in assembly offices and shops and 50% in that is 15 per in industrial buildings for Windows and Doors there there are limits for an extension if we extend the building that is over 1,000 M Square we need to consider consequential improvements and if the extension is larger than 100 m square and greater than 25% of the useful floor area of the building we need to consider the extension as a new build the openings in the extension should follow the limits as mentioned for openings enlargements however while access doors display windows and similar glazing and smoke vents can be as large an area as required for the purpose we can also we can also area we the the u values to compare with the extension value that complies with the requirements to prove compliance or we can use calculations calculation tools to apply it to the existing building plus notional extension and compare it with the proposal conservation and PES are treated in the same way as the domestic counterparts are section 11 deals with work to fabric elements in existing buildings this section gives us directions when we renovate existing thermal elements make the material change of use of the building or make changes to the building that constitutes a change to energy status if we add new or replace elements we should follow the directions of the previous section by renovation of the thermal element we mean the addition or replacement of a layer externally or internally replacement of waterproof membrane on a flat roof or providing cavity wall installation now if we improve more than 50% of the surface area of the element we should improve the entire element to appropriate limits of table 4.2 column B similarly if at least 25% of the building envelope is being renovated we shall upgrade it in the case of the material change of use we need to think about the change of of the energy used due to its operation and it's and it's similarly it similarly follows to other aspects of building use too the considerations are simple whenever the energy use has changed we need to upgrade that part of the building to maintain or rather improve its energy performance the assessment then generally follows the procedure of establishing the existing new value of the element and comparison with limits and applying the specification to reach a Target when necessary these are included in section four u values for Windows and Doors in such case are limited to values under 3.8 wats per M Square Kelvin for roof lies and 3.3 wats per me Square Kelvin otherwise new and replacement elements shall be treated as much as such meeting standards for new and replaced elements the total area of openings in newly created buildings should not exceed 25% of the total flow area unless otherwise proven that the building can otherwise meet the energy performance despite a higher percentage of openings then section 12 tells us about consequential Improvement the Improvement to large buildings this type of improvement may be necessary when we deal with a building that is over 1,000 M square of useful floor area and we wish to extend it provide fixed Building Services within it for the first time or increase the capacity of the building system which is not to come from renewable Technologies improving building energy performance as part of principle works is considered consequential Improvement but if we improve the building on account of justify and extension of poorer quality then this is not considered a consequential Improvement so when we extend the building that's over 1 k m squared or the habitable area is being increased we need to think about consequential improvements for at least the extent identified in appendix D of the approved document table D1 shows what is considered technically functionally and economically feasible in typical circumstances we are also hit with a minimum spend on the work which is at least 10% of the cost of the principal works and that numbers need to be established by a charted quantity surveyor or other qualified person forming part of the building control submission now when we install the fixed system or extend the existing one increasing the capacity per met Square we should do the same as what we need for extension so at least upgrade to table the standards of 10% principal Works value and report that value to building control and improve service area to these standards no matter the cost of the principle works there is some important information hidden in the appendices things like key temps but also lightning energy numeric indicated method of calculation to arrive at the appropriate level of energy used per square meter per year used by the lightning system BR ukl report requirements further information and standards for consequential improvement of the heating systems when required and how to establish the seasonal efficiency of the existing he system when the parameters are unknown [Music] so this is it folks the approved document L conservation of fuel and power volume two buildings order than dwellings let's sum it up section by section section zero the introduction highlights the overlap with volume one noting differences in provisions of for various building types and the stages like shell and core module builds second fit out it also details exemptions for certain buildings and stresses the holistic approach to integrating the document with other building regulations Section one focuses on calculating the target primary energy rate and emission rate for a notional building using standard specifications the calculations performed using approved software like sbem must be compared with the as designed and as built rates with results communicated to building control section two discusses calculating the building's primary energy rate and emission rate emphasizing the importance of accurate as build calculations especially when multiple fuel sources are involved the section also addresses special considerations for district heating system and potential adjustments for enhanced system management section three this section tells us that we need to assess high efficiency alternative systems for our buildings requiring a report on their technical environmental and economic feasibility for building control Insite section four it covers fabric performance related to heat gains and losses outlining specific specific U value limits for different building elements the section also addresses the importance of thermal bridging Earth tightness and controlling solar gains in new buildings with particular attention to service insulation and heat loss prevention section five this section establishes the minimum efficiency standards for Building Services requiring compliance with specific standards and testing for new and replacement systems we are informed to assure proper sizing control and maintenance of heating systems including the use of meters for accurate energy monitoring and Reporting section six this is section out this section outlines the Energy Efficiency requirements for various Building Systems including boilers heaters heat pumps mechanical ventilation efficiency standards vary depending on the fuel type and system capacity with additional guidelines for control system and specific Technologies like combined heat and power as well as Lightning section seven is all about air permeability standards which are set at 8 m Cub per hour per met squar 50 pascals with specific guidelines on testing procedures and exemptions testing must be conducted by qualified Personnel using calibrated equipment extensions and the complex buildings have tailor requirements and all results must be reported to building control section8 deals with fixed Building Services that must be commissioned to ensure energy efficient operation a commissioning plan is required for systems subject to Energy Efficiency standards and all commissioning activities should align with cibc's commissioning code M A not notification of completion must be submitted to building control detailing the Commission in outcomes and any deviations from expected performance section n tells us that we need to inform people of what has been done to building a building log book following cibs tm31 must be provided containing details about energy efficient operations maintenance requirements and commissioning records large buildings over th000 M squ require energy use forecasts updates to the log book are necessary when systems are modified ensuring all changes are documented for continued compliance section 10 deals with new elements in existing buildings new elements added to existing buildings must meet current energy performance standards unless exempt extensions over 100 m Square may need to be treated as new builds and specific limits apply to glazing and other elements compliance can be demonstrated through area weighted u values or approved calculation tools section 11 fabric elements in existing buildings Renovations or material changes to the building's fabric that affect energy use must improve the thermal performance to me specific u values significant Renovations such as more than 50% of an element surface area require upgrades to the entire Element Section 12 consequen improvements for buildings over th000 M squ undergoing extension of significant system upgrades consequential improvements are required to enhance overall energy performance these improvements must be technically functionally and economically feasible with a minimum spend of 10% of the principle Works costs in the next episode we will move we will move to approv document M access to and use of buildings volume one dwellings [Music] I hope you enjoyed this episode and that the consideration of the approved document L conservation of fuel and power Volume 2 buildings other than dwellings are clear for you now if you have any questions reach out to me on LinkedIn or send me an email I'm more than happy to help you out in BNA we deal with planning designing and managing of your projects and we are always is glad to facilitate a free initial consultation to steer you in the right direction visit ww. bit. co.uk and reach out to us whether your question is if we can help you with your project or what should I do we will be able to give you a piece of non obligatory advice at bitna we help our clients design and execute their dream homes or Investments if your building is falling apart we can also help investigate the reasons behind it and and to provide you with an appropriate strategy design and specifications for the repair thank you again for listening please voice up your opinions I'm waiting for you on LinkedIn and I want to hear from you see you next week Bytnar Designs The World Around You, Toodloo!
Piotr Bytnar BEng (Hons) MSc CEng MIStructE
Chartered Structural Engineer who deals with the Architecture of buildings. His Master's Studies led him to an in-depth understanding of risk and contract arrangements in construction as well as specialist knowledge in soil mechanics.
He and his team help homeowners and property developers to design and deliver construction projects reducing waste in time and the cost. He believes that the construction project is an iterative process that can be well managed and it is best managed if all the aspects of the project definition and management are dealt with in-house or coordinated by one organisation. His team works to all stages of RIBA and ISTRUCTE stages of work and enables contractors to deliver projects on-site providing risk evaluations, methodologies for execution of works and temporary works designs.
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